Publications
[1] ON THE SELECTION OF SIMULATION SOFTWARE FOR MANUFACTURING APPLICATION, 2002
Amr Arisha and Mohie El Baradie
International Manufacturing Conference (2002)
International Manufacturing Conference (2002)
Abstract
The growing complexity of manufacturing along with the need for higher efficiency, greater flexibility, better product quality and lower cost urged the use of simulation in manufacturing systems. The number and variety of simulation software packages on the market increased as well. Consequently, the varieties of these packages led to some bewilderment on the part of potential users when faced the selection process. The present article addresses an overview of material addressed in journals, conferences, and textbooks on the selection of appropriate simulation software. It also suggests a classification of main criteria to be considered in evaluating simulation software packages. Moreover, a checklist of simulation software features with five levels of indication will be included. A proposed methodology has been employed in interpreting the checklist. Finally, future trends towards the provision of more effective selection tools will be discussed.
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The growing complexity of manufacturing along with the need for higher efficiency, greater flexibility, better product quality and lower cost urged the use of simulation in manufacturing systems. The number and variety of simulation software packages on the market increased as well. Consequently, the varieties of these packages led to some bewilderment on the part of potential users when faced the selection process. The present article addresses an overview of material addressed in journals, conferences, and textbooks on the selection of appropriate simulation software. It also suggests a classification of main criteria to be considered in evaluating simulation software packages. Moreover, a checklist of simulation software features with five levels of indication will be included. A proposed methodology has been employed in interpreting the checklist. Finally, future trends towards the provision of more effective selection tools will be discussed.
Full PDF Download
[2] A SIMULATION MODEL TO CHARACTERIZE PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY PROCESS OF A SEMICONDUCTOR WAFER FABRICATION, 2003
Amr Arisha, Paul Young, and M. El Baradie
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Volume155, Issue 156, Pages: 2071-2079
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Volume155, Issue 156, Pages: 2071-2079
Abstract
The pressures on semiconductor manufacturers due to cost considerations, rapid growth of process technology, quality constraints, feature size reduction, and increasingly complex products are requiring ever higher efficiency from manufacturing facilities. The complexity of manufacturing high capacity semiconductor devices means that it is impossible to analyze the process control parameters and the production configurations using traditional analytical models. There is, therefore, an increasing need for effective models of each manufacturing process, characterizing and analyzing the process in detail, allowing the effect of changes in the production environment on the process to be predicted. The photolithography process is one of the most complex processes in semiconductor manufacturing. Using state-of-the-art computer simulation and a structured modelling methodology a generic model of photolithography flexible manufacturing cells has been developed and used to mimic the actual performance of the tools. Comparison of the output from the model with data from the plant shows the quality of the model. This paper discusses the technique used to develop the simulation model and includes a details on the structured modelling approach employed to develop reusable generic model for optimizing photolithography process parameters.
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The pressures on semiconductor manufacturers due to cost considerations, rapid growth of process technology, quality constraints, feature size reduction, and increasingly complex products are requiring ever higher efficiency from manufacturing facilities. The complexity of manufacturing high capacity semiconductor devices means that it is impossible to analyze the process control parameters and the production configurations using traditional analytical models. There is, therefore, an increasing need for effective models of each manufacturing process, characterizing and analyzing the process in detail, allowing the effect of changes in the production environment on the process to be predicted. The photolithography process is one of the most complex processes in semiconductor manufacturing. Using state-of-the-art computer simulation and a structured modelling methodology a generic model of photolithography flexible manufacturing cells has been developed and used to mimic the actual performance of the tools. Comparison of the output from the model with data from the plant shows the quality of the model. This paper discusses the technique used to develop the simulation model and includes a details on the structured modelling approach employed to develop reusable generic model for optimizing photolithography process parameters.
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[3] INTELLIGENT SIMULATION-BASED LOT SCHEDULING OF PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY TOOLSETS IN A WAFER FABRICATION FACILITY, 2004
Amr Arisha and Paul Young
2004 Winter Simulation Conference
2004 Winter Simulation Conference
Abstract
Scheduling of a semiconductor manufacturing facility is one of the most complex tasks encountered. Confronted with a high technology product market, semiconductor manufacturing is increasingly more dynamic and competi-tive in the introduction of new products in shorter time in-tervals. Photolithography, being one of the processes re-peated often, is a fabrication bottleneck. Lot scheduling within photolithography is a challenging activity where substantial improvements in factory performance can be made. The proposed scheduling methodology integrates two common approaches, simulation and artificial intelli-gence. Using detailed simulation modeling within a struc-tured modeling method, a comprehensive model to characterize the photolithography process was developed. An artificial intelligence scheduler was then developed and integrated with the model with the goal of reducing Work-In-Process (WIP), setup time, and throughput time. The re-sults have shown a significant improvement in lot cycle time as well as tool utilization, improved the throughput time by an average of 15% and is currently in use for sche-duling the photolithography process.
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Scheduling of a semiconductor manufacturing facility is one of the most complex tasks encountered. Confronted with a high technology product market, semiconductor manufacturing is increasingly more dynamic and competi-tive in the introduction of new products in shorter time in-tervals. Photolithography, being one of the processes re-peated often, is a fabrication bottleneck. Lot scheduling within photolithography is a challenging activity where substantial improvements in factory performance can be made. The proposed scheduling methodology integrates two common approaches, simulation and artificial intelli-gence. Using detailed simulation modeling within a struc-tured modeling method, a comprehensive model to characterize the photolithography process was developed. An artificial intelligence scheduler was then developed and integrated with the model with the goal of reducing Work-In-Process (WIP), setup time, and throughput time. The re-sults have shown a significant improvement in lot cycle time as well as tool utilization, improved the throughput time by an average of 15% and is currently in use for sche-duling the photolithography process.
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[4] SEAPORT MANAGEMENT ASPECTS AND PERSPECTIVES: AN OVERVIEW, 2009
Amr Mahfouz and Amr Arisha
12th Annual Irish Academy of Management Conference
12th Annual Irish Academy of Management Conference
Abstract
Ireland occupies the northern part of the western European coast which has a 70,000 Kilometres coasting along two oceans and four seas. These coasts are Europe’s lifeblood and represent the trade routes, climate regulator and source of food, energy and resources. Seaports and shipping are key maritime activities which allow European coast countries to benefit from the rapid growth of international trade. Therefore, port management became the centre of governments’ interest and the focal point of research to improve the efficiency. This research aims to summaries past publications of seaport systems to highlight challenges and reveal relevant research gaps. Having the objective to classify the literature, a comprehensive review of journal articles and the best practices in the field was conducted. A wide variety of management issues and opportunities to improve service delivery of port systems was discussed in a three main categories based on port authority objectives; strategic, economic and operational.
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Ireland occupies the northern part of the western European coast which has a 70,000 Kilometres coasting along two oceans and four seas. These coasts are Europe’s lifeblood and represent the trade routes, climate regulator and source of food, energy and resources. Seaports and shipping are key maritime activities which allow European coast countries to benefit from the rapid growth of international trade. Therefore, port management became the centre of governments’ interest and the focal point of research to improve the efficiency. This research aims to summaries past publications of seaport systems to highlight challenges and reveal relevant research gaps. Having the objective to classify the literature, a comprehensive review of journal articles and the best practices in the field was conducted. A wide variety of management issues and opportunities to improve service delivery of port systems was discussed in a three main categories based on port authority objectives; strategic, economic and operational.
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[5] Optimisation Methods in Supply Chain Applications: A Review, 2009
Waleed Abo-Hamad, Amr Arisha
Proceedings of the 12th annual Irish Academy of Management Conference, 2 – 4 September 2009, Galway - Mayo Institute of Technology, Ireland.
Proceedings of the 12th annual Irish Academy of Management Conference, 2 – 4 September 2009, Galway - Mayo Institute of Technology, Ireland.
Abstract
The competitiveness and dynamic nature of today’s marketplace is due to rapid advances in information technology, short product life cycles and the continuing trend in global outsourcing. Managing the resulting supply chain networks effectively is a complex and challenging task which is imputable to high level of uncertainty in supply-demand, conflict objectives, vagueness of information, numerous decision variables and constraints. With such level of complexity in the environment, supply chain optimisation has a potential to make a significant contribution to resolve the challenges. In this paper, a literature review – based on more than one hundred peer-reviewed articles – of state-of-the-art optimisation techniques in the context of supply chain management is presented. It also provides a classification of solution techniques. Linear programming, integer programming and mixed-integer programming have been used to solve many issues including; facility location, demand allocation and vehicle routing problems. The aforementioned traditional techniques have limited capabilities to handle the inherent interdependencies in supply chain networks. Such limitations of different optimisation techniques are discussed in detail. As a result, trends in current optimisation methodologies are based not only on improving a particular process performance but also on achieving a broader impact on supply chain efficiency. When properly applied, these methodologies can create precise and comprehensive models of great practical value for decision makers in managing supply chains. In such a vigorous global marketplace, supply chain optimisation is no longer an option; it is a requirement for survival to remain competitive.
The competitiveness and dynamic nature of today’s marketplace is due to rapid advances in information technology, short product life cycles and the continuing trend in global outsourcing. Managing the resulting supply chain networks effectively is a complex and challenging task which is imputable to high level of uncertainty in supply-demand, conflict objectives, vagueness of information, numerous decision variables and constraints. With such level of complexity in the environment, supply chain optimisation has a potential to make a significant contribution to resolve the challenges. In this paper, a literature review – based on more than one hundred peer-reviewed articles – of state-of-the-art optimisation techniques in the context of supply chain management is presented. It also provides a classification of solution techniques. Linear programming, integer programming and mixed-integer programming have been used to solve many issues including; facility location, demand allocation and vehicle routing problems. The aforementioned traditional techniques have limited capabilities to handle the inherent interdependencies in supply chain networks. Such limitations of different optimisation techniques are discussed in detail. As a result, trends in current optimisation methodologies are based not only on improving a particular process performance but also on achieving a broader impact on supply chain efficiency. When properly applied, these methodologies can create precise and comprehensive models of great practical value for decision makers in managing supply chains. In such a vigorous global marketplace, supply chain optimisation is no longer an option; it is a requirement for survival to remain competitive.
[6] SIMULATION MODEL TO INVESTIGATE FLEXIBLE WORKLOAD MANAGEMENT FOR HEALTHCARE AND SERVICESCAPE ENVIRONMENT, 2009
Michael Thorwarth, Paul Harper, and Amr Arisha
Winter Simulation Conference 2009
Winter Simulation Conference 2009
Abstract
High demand and poor staffing conditions cause avoidable pressure and stress among healthcare personnel which results in burnout symptoms and unplanned absenteeism which are hidden cost drivers. The work environment within an emergency department is commonly arranged in a flexible workload which is highly dynamic and complex for the outside observer. Us-ing detailed simulation modeling within structured modeling methods, a comprehensive model to characterize the nurses’ time utilization in such flexible dynamic workload environment was investigated. The results have been used to derive a ge-neralized analytic expression that describes certain settings that lead to an instable queuing system with serious consequences for the healthcare facility. Thus decision makers are hence equipped with a tool which allows identifying and preventing such conditions that affect service quality level.
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High demand and poor staffing conditions cause avoidable pressure and stress among healthcare personnel which results in burnout symptoms and unplanned absenteeism which are hidden cost drivers. The work environment within an emergency department is commonly arranged in a flexible workload which is highly dynamic and complex for the outside observer. Us-ing detailed simulation modeling within structured modeling methods, a comprehensive model to characterize the nurses’ time utilization in such flexible dynamic workload environment was investigated. The results have been used to derive a ge-neralized analytic expression that describes certain settings that lead to an instable queuing system with serious consequences for the healthcare facility. Thus decision makers are hence equipped with a tool which allows identifying and preventing such conditions that affect service quality level.
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[7] RISK ASSESSMENT MODEL FOR EMERGENCY DEPARTMENTS IN DUBLIN HOSPITALS , 2009
Michael Thorwarth and Amr Arisha
Irish Academy of Management
Irish Academy of Management
Abstract
The internal dynamics of emergency departments (ED) in Irish hospitals represent complex non-linear stochastic systems with an environment of uncertainty, variability and limited resources. Planning and managing such systems pose overwhelming demands. To improve operations, patient service, resource planning, and real-time reaction to unexpected events, sophisticated tools to efficiently achieve these goals must be applied. Advanced solution techniques (e.g. simulation and optimisation) have been successfully applied in manufacturing operations to improve the delivery, cost-effectiveness and service quality. Yet, random arrival of patients, limited resources and multitasking are challenges in EDs that add more complexity to this critical area. This study delivers a contribution to both theory and practice. By the elaboration of patient risks types, simulation is investigated for its compliance with risk management approaches that hence delivered modifications to the simulation modelling approach. This investigation and the modifications allows the conclusion that simulation is suited for risk management and that simulation models are applicable as risk assessment models for healthcare once the modifications are considered by the modeller.
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The internal dynamics of emergency departments (ED) in Irish hospitals represent complex non-linear stochastic systems with an environment of uncertainty, variability and limited resources. Planning and managing such systems pose overwhelming demands. To improve operations, patient service, resource planning, and real-time reaction to unexpected events, sophisticated tools to efficiently achieve these goals must be applied. Advanced solution techniques (e.g. simulation and optimisation) have been successfully applied in manufacturing operations to improve the delivery, cost-effectiveness and service quality. Yet, random arrival of patients, limited resources and multitasking are challenges in EDs that add more complexity to this critical area. This study delivers a contribution to both theory and practice. By the elaboration of patient risks types, simulation is investigated for its compliance with risk management approaches that hence delivered modifications to the simulation modelling approach. This investigation and the modifications allows the conclusion that simulation is suited for risk management and that simulation models are applicable as risk assessment models for healthcare once the modifications are considered by the modeller.
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[8] ENABLING RFID TECHNOLOGY IN IRISH HOSPITALS, 2009
Khaled Ismail and Amr Arisha
Irish Academy of Management
Irish Academy of Management
Abstract
Hospitals represent a significant part of healthcare systems and account for no less than 60% of the entire healthcare service in most of developed countries. Therefore, improving service in hospitals is an important element to the process of healthcare reform. Better use of resources, more consistent quality, and a higher service level are the keys to rationalise the huge expenditure in healthcare systems due to higher growth in demand. Even though massive spending has been directed towards hospital improvement in Ireland, services provided in Irish hospitals are ranked relatively low comparing to the other European countries. Growth of population, aging, European Union regulations, and demanding patients place more pressure on healthcare researchers to provide innovation solutions for Irish hospitals. In the last two decades, the use of technology had a significant impact on hospital performance in terms of responsiveness, quality, and management practices. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology has been successfully implemented in a number of hospital systems in many developed countries. It is an emerging technology for applications such as managing and tracking patients, equipment, and drugs. Integrating RFID technology into hospital systems allows a dramatic enhancement in hospital efficiency and effectiveness measures to happen. This paper gives a comprehensive review on the up-to-date applications of RFID technology in hospital systems. It includes a classification of RFID applications at different areas of hospitals. Inclusive analysis of the impact of RFID implementation on the overall performance of the hospitals is presented. As new technology, this paper looks into the challenges and problems facing the management in employing the technology. Recommendations on potential impact of using RFID in Irish hospitals are discussed.
Full PDF Download
Hospitals represent a significant part of healthcare systems and account for no less than 60% of the entire healthcare service in most of developed countries. Therefore, improving service in hospitals is an important element to the process of healthcare reform. Better use of resources, more consistent quality, and a higher service level are the keys to rationalise the huge expenditure in healthcare systems due to higher growth in demand. Even though massive spending has been directed towards hospital improvement in Ireland, services provided in Irish hospitals are ranked relatively low comparing to the other European countries. Growth of population, aging, European Union regulations, and demanding patients place more pressure on healthcare researchers to provide innovation solutions for Irish hospitals. In the last two decades, the use of technology had a significant impact on hospital performance in terms of responsiveness, quality, and management practices. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology has been successfully implemented in a number of hospital systems in many developed countries. It is an emerging technology for applications such as managing and tracking patients, equipment, and drugs. Integrating RFID technology into hospital systems allows a dramatic enhancement in hospital efficiency and effectiveness measures to happen. This paper gives a comprehensive review on the up-to-date applications of RFID technology in hospital systems. It includes a classification of RFID applications at different areas of hospitals. Inclusive analysis of the impact of RFID implementation on the overall performance of the hospitals is presented. As new technology, this paper looks into the challenges and problems facing the management in employing the technology. Recommendations on potential impact of using RFID in Irish hospitals are discussed.
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[9] ENABLING RFID TECHNOLOGY IN IRISH HOSPITALS, 2009
Khaled Ismail and Amr Arisha
Irish Academy of Management
Irish Academy of Management
Abstract
Hospitals represent a significant part of healthcare systems and account for no less than 60% of the entire healthcare service in most of developed countries. Therefore, improving service in hospitals is an important element to the process of healthcare reform. Better use of resources, more consistent quality, and a higher service level are the keys to rationalise the huge expenditure in healthcare systems due to higher growth in demand. Even though massive spending has been directed towards hospital improvement in Ireland, services provided in Irish hospitals are ranked relatively low comparing to the other European countries. Growth of population, aging, European Union regulations, and demanding patients place more pressure on healthcare researchers to provide innovation solutions for Irish hospitals. In the last two decades, the use of technology had a significant impact on hospital performance in terms of responsiveness, quality, and management practices. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology has been successfully implemented in a number of hospital systems in many developed countries. It is an emerging technology for applications such as managing and tracking patients, equipment, and drugs. Integrating RFID technology into hospital systems allows a dramatic enhancement in hospital efficiency and effectiveness measures to happen. This paper gives a comprehensive review on the up-to-date applications of RFID technology in hospital systems. It includes a classification of RFID applications at different areas of hospitals. Inclusive analysis of the impact of RFID implementation on the overall performance of the hospitals is presented. As new technology, this paper looks into the challenges and problems facing the management in employing the technology. Recommendations on potential impact of using RFID in Irish hospitals are discussed.
Full PDF Download
Hospitals represent a significant part of healthcare systems and account for no less than 60% of the entire healthcare service in most of developed countries. Therefore, improving service in hospitals is an important element to the process of healthcare reform. Better use of resources, more consistent quality, and a higher service level are the keys to rationalise the huge expenditure in healthcare systems due to higher growth in demand. Even though massive spending has been directed towards hospital improvement in Ireland, services provided in Irish hospitals are ranked relatively low comparing to the other European countries. Growth of population, aging, European Union regulations, and demanding patients place more pressure on healthcare researchers to provide innovation solutions for Irish hospitals. In the last two decades, the use of technology had a significant impact on hospital performance in terms of responsiveness, quality, and management practices. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology has been successfully implemented in a number of hospital systems in many developed countries. It is an emerging technology for applications such as managing and tracking patients, equipment, and drugs. Integrating RFID technology into hospital systems allows a dramatic enhancement in hospital efficiency and effectiveness measures to happen. This paper gives a comprehensive review on the up-to-date applications of RFID technology in hospital systems. It includes a classification of RFID applications at different areas of hospitals. Inclusive analysis of the impact of RFID implementation on the overall performance of the hospitals is presented. As new technology, this paper looks into the challenges and problems facing the management in employing the technology. Recommendations on potential impact of using RFID in Irish hospitals are discussed.
Full PDF Download
[10] Evaluating and Selecting Optimization Software Packages: A Framework for Business Applications, 2010
Waleed Abo-Hamad, Amr Arisha
Proceedings of International Conference on Operations Research , Venice, Italy
Proceedings of International Conference on Operations Research , Venice, Italy
Abstract
Owing the fact that optimization of business process is a crucial requirement to navigate, survive and even thrive in today’s volatile business environment, this paper presents a framework for selecting a best-fit optimization package for solving complex business problems. Complexity level of the problem and/or using incorrect optimization software can lead to biased solutions of the optimization problem. Accordingly, the proposed framework identifies a number of relevant factors (e.g. decision variables, objective functions, and modeling approach) to be considered during the evaluation and selection process. Application domain, problem specifications, and available accredited optimization approaches are also to be regarded. A recommendation of one or two optimization software is the output of the framework which is believed to provide the best results of the underlying problem. In addition to a set of guidelines and recommendations on how managers can conduct an effective optimization exercise is discussed.
Owing the fact that optimization of business process is a crucial requirement to navigate, survive and even thrive in today’s volatile business environment, this paper presents a framework for selecting a best-fit optimization package for solving complex business problems. Complexity level of the problem and/or using incorrect optimization software can lead to biased solutions of the optimization problem. Accordingly, the proposed framework identifies a number of relevant factors (e.g. decision variables, objective functions, and modeling approach) to be considered during the evaluation and selection process. Application domain, problem specifications, and available accredited optimization approaches are also to be regarded. A recommendation of one or two optimization software is the output of the framework which is believed to provide the best results of the underlying problem. In addition to a set of guidelines and recommendations on how managers can conduct an effective optimization exercise is discussed.
[11] Customer Management Analysis of Irish Plumbing & Heating Distribution System: A Simulation Study, 2010
John Crowe, Amr Mahfouz, Amr Arisha and Finbarr Barrett
2010 Second International Conference on Advances in System Simulation (SIMUL), Pages: 59-66
2010 Second International Conference on Advances in System Simulation (SIMUL), Pages: 59-66
Abstract
The sudden burst of the property bubble, coupled with current global economic conditions has resulted in a huge decrease in demand for plumbing and heating fixtures in the Irish construction industry. Moreover, inefficient supply chain management policies have imposed further pressures on companies resulting in more system bottlenecks and unnecessary costs. Inventory management is seen as a functional area that can ease such bottlenecks and in turn increase supply chain efficiency, decrease costs and increase customer satisfaction. The challenge is to predict the balance of on-hand inventory and order quantity to optimise customer satisfaction and minimise inventory cost. It is also essential that managers clearly understand the cost effect stock-outs have on different groups of customer, i.e. customer segmentation policy. Traditional inventory mathematical techniques are inadequate in investigating the influence of customer segmentation policy on performance. To investigate this further, conceptual modelling using flowcharts and data flow diagrams in conjunction with simulation modelling and design of experiments have been developed to characterise the inventory management process of a plumbing and heating distribution centre. Significant process parameters where identified and examined with and without segmented customer management policies, aiming to achieve a high level of customer satisfaction rate at the lowest possible total cost.
The sudden burst of the property bubble, coupled with current global economic conditions has resulted in a huge decrease in demand for plumbing and heating fixtures in the Irish construction industry. Moreover, inefficient supply chain management policies have imposed further pressures on companies resulting in more system bottlenecks and unnecessary costs. Inventory management is seen as a functional area that can ease such bottlenecks and in turn increase supply chain efficiency, decrease costs and increase customer satisfaction. The challenge is to predict the balance of on-hand inventory and order quantity to optimise customer satisfaction and minimise inventory cost. It is also essential that managers clearly understand the cost effect stock-outs have on different groups of customer, i.e. customer segmentation policy. Traditional inventory mathematical techniques are inadequate in investigating the influence of customer segmentation policy on performance. To investigate this further, conceptual modelling using flowcharts and data flow diagrams in conjunction with simulation modelling and design of experiments have been developed to characterise the inventory management process of a plumbing and heating distribution centre. Significant process parameters where identified and examined with and without segmented customer management policies, aiming to achieve a high level of customer satisfaction rate at the lowest possible total cost.
[12] Supply Chain Simulation: Experimentation without Pain, 2010
Ayman Tobail, John Crowe and Amr Arisha
Proceedings of 13th Annual Academy of Management Conference
Proceedings of 13th Annual Academy of Management Conference
Abstract
Bridging the gap between theory and practice has always been a key issue for students and graduates. The magnitude and scope of subject areas that students at third level institutions have to learn in theory means that visualising them without any practical experience can be very difficult. Understanding the complexity of supply chain networks and how to manage them create a considerable level of difficulty for students and professionals. Theories and applications included in supply chain management subjects are the key to empathise the real challenges. Nevertheless, teaching these theories needs substantial efforts and new innovative approaches to deliver the concepts and assure successful transfer of the learning outcomes. To complicate things more, the levels of uncertainty and risk within an entire supply chain are still not fully recognised or understood even by industry professionals. Research studies showed the need for more transparency and collaborative approaches to take place among supply chain partners in order to achieve more sustainable operations. Making sure students comprehend the scale of activities and stochastic nature of a supply chain before they carry on their industrial careers is therefore crucial. Using computer simulation integrated with structured modelling techniques, a detailed, animated and generic supply chain simulation-based learning framework can be developed to incorporate many areas of learning undertaken by students in relation to the supply chain management. Experimenting on the simulation models allow the students to examine quantitatively the impact of changing critical factors (e.g. inventory level, demand, suppliers’ lead time) on the performance of supply chain. This paper demonstrates the impact of using interactive simulation technologies in teaching third level education with special reference to supply chain management and discusses the benefits of learning through such a level of immersion.
Bridging the gap between theory and practice has always been a key issue for students and graduates. The magnitude and scope of subject areas that students at third level institutions have to learn in theory means that visualising them without any practical experience can be very difficult. Understanding the complexity of supply chain networks and how to manage them create a considerable level of difficulty for students and professionals. Theories and applications included in supply chain management subjects are the key to empathise the real challenges. Nevertheless, teaching these theories needs substantial efforts and new innovative approaches to deliver the concepts and assure successful transfer of the learning outcomes. To complicate things more, the levels of uncertainty and risk within an entire supply chain are still not fully recognised or understood even by industry professionals. Research studies showed the need for more transparency and collaborative approaches to take place among supply chain partners in order to achieve more sustainable operations. Making sure students comprehend the scale of activities and stochastic nature of a supply chain before they carry on their industrial careers is therefore crucial. Using computer simulation integrated with structured modelling techniques, a detailed, animated and generic supply chain simulation-based learning framework can be developed to incorporate many areas of learning undertaken by students in relation to the supply chain management. Experimenting on the simulation models allow the students to examine quantitatively the impact of changing critical factors (e.g. inventory level, demand, suppliers’ lead time) on the performance of supply chain. This paper demonstrates the impact of using interactive simulation technologies in teaching third level education with special reference to supply chain management and discusses the benefits of learning through such a level of immersion.
[13] Web-Based Supply Chain Simulation: An Integrated Approach, 2010
Ayman Tobail, John Crowe and Amr Arisha
ICERI 2010
ICERI 2010
Abstract
This is an era marked by rapid technology development in all different educational arenas. Alongside this growing demand of technology, learning process is getting new forms and hence traditional teaching approaches tend to struggle and lack the requisite qualities to meet new generation expectations. In third level education, this problem is increasing in magnitude and new dimensions, especially when it comes to teaching difficult subjects such as supply chain management. Understanding the complexity of supply chain networks and how to manage them create a considerable level of difficulty for students and professionals. Collaboration between supply chain members is now recognised as an important strategic factor in creating a solution to the complexity of the supply chain system. New technologies are beginning to bring a huge transformation into teaching delivery methods. This paper presents an integrated web-based simulation framework that supports learning supply chain concepts and challenges. Simulation-based learning environment allow participants to examine various management strategies without real disruptions to the current system. Using supply chain simulation creates a vibrant experience and a better understanding to the impact of uncertainty and risks within supply chains. Integrating web technologies to simulation has added an edge to the learning environment with the friendly graphical user interface.
This is an era marked by rapid technology development in all different educational arenas. Alongside this growing demand of technology, learning process is getting new forms and hence traditional teaching approaches tend to struggle and lack the requisite qualities to meet new generation expectations. In third level education, this problem is increasing in magnitude and new dimensions, especially when it comes to teaching difficult subjects such as supply chain management. Understanding the complexity of supply chain networks and how to manage them create a considerable level of difficulty for students and professionals. Collaboration between supply chain members is now recognised as an important strategic factor in creating a solution to the complexity of the supply chain system. New technologies are beginning to bring a huge transformation into teaching delivery methods. This paper presents an integrated web-based simulation framework that supports learning supply chain concepts and challenges. Simulation-based learning environment allow participants to examine various management strategies without real disruptions to the current system. Using supply chain simulation creates a vibrant experience and a better understanding to the impact of uncertainty and risks within supply chains. Integrating web technologies to simulation has added an edge to the learning environment with the friendly graphical user interface.
[14] The Analysis of Rush Orders Risk in Supply Chain: A Simulation Approach, 2010
Amr Mahfouz and Amr Arisha
Modsim World 2010 Conference & Expo.
Modsim World 2010 Conference & Expo.
Abstract
Satisfying customers by delivering demands at agreed time, with competitive prices, and in satisfactory quality level are crucial requirements for supply chain survival. Incident of risks in supply chain often causes sudden disruptions in the processes and consequently leads to customers losing their trust in a company’s competence. Rush orders are considered to be one of the main types of supply chain risks due to their negative impact on the overall performance. Using integrated definition modeling approaches (i.e. IDEF0 & IDEF3) and simulation modeling technique , a comprehensive integrated model has been developed to assess rush order risks and examine two risk mitigation strategies. Detailed functions sequence and objects flow were conceptually modeled to reflect on macro and micro levels of the studied supply chain. Discrete event simulation models were then developed to assess and investigate the mitigation strategies of rush order risks, the objective of this is to minimize order cycle time and cost.
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Satisfying customers by delivering demands at agreed time, with competitive prices, and in satisfactory quality level are crucial requirements for supply chain survival. Incident of risks in supply chain often causes sudden disruptions in the processes and consequently leads to customers losing their trust in a company’s competence. Rush orders are considered to be one of the main types of supply chain risks due to their negative impact on the overall performance. Using integrated definition modeling approaches (i.e. IDEF0 & IDEF3) and simulation modeling technique , a comprehensive integrated model has been developed to assess rush order risks and examine two risk mitigation strategies. Detailed functions sequence and objects flow were conceptually modeled to reflect on macro and micro levels of the studied supply chain. Discrete event simulation models were then developed to assess and investigate the mitigation strategies of rush order risks, the objective of this is to minimize order cycle time and cost.
Full PDF Download
[15] Customer Management Analysis of Irish Plumbing & Heating Distribution System: A Simulation Study, 2010
John Crowe, Amr Mahfouz, Finbarr Barrett and Amr Arisha
Second International Conference on Advances in System Simulation
Second International Conference on Advances in System Simulation
Abstract
The sudden burst of the property bubble, coupled with current global economic conditions has resulted in a huge decrease in demand for plumbing and heating fixtures in the Irish construction industry. Moreover, inefficient supply chain management policies have imposed further pressures on companies resulting in more system bottlenecks and unnecessary costs. Inventory management is seen as a functional area that can ease such bottlenecks and in turn increase supply chain efficiency, decrease costs and increase customer satisfaction. The challenge is to predict the balance of on-hand inventory and order quantity to optimise customer satisfaction and minimise inventory cost. It is also essential that managers clearly understand the cost effect stock-outs have on different groups of customer, i.e. customer segmentation policy. Traditional inventory mathematical techniques are inadequate in investigating the influence of customer segmentation policy on performance. To investigate this further, conceptual modelling using flowcharts and data flow diagrams in conjunction with simulation modelling and design of experiments have been developed to characterise the inventory management process of a plumbing and heating distribution centre. Significant process parameters where identified and examined with and without segmented customer management policies, aiming to achieve a high level of customer satisfaction rate at the lowest possible total cost.
Full PDF Download
The sudden burst of the property bubble, coupled with current global economic conditions has resulted in a huge decrease in demand for plumbing and heating fixtures in the Irish construction industry. Moreover, inefficient supply chain management policies have imposed further pressures on companies resulting in more system bottlenecks and unnecessary costs. Inventory management is seen as a functional area that can ease such bottlenecks and in turn increase supply chain efficiency, decrease costs and increase customer satisfaction. The challenge is to predict the balance of on-hand inventory and order quantity to optimise customer satisfaction and minimise inventory cost. It is also essential that managers clearly understand the cost effect stock-outs have on different groups of customer, i.e. customer segmentation policy. Traditional inventory mathematical techniques are inadequate in investigating the influence of customer segmentation policy on performance. To investigate this further, conceptual modelling using flowcharts and data flow diagrams in conjunction with simulation modelling and design of experiments have been developed to characterise the inventory management process of a plumbing and heating distribution centre. Significant process parameters where identified and examined with and without segmented customer management policies, aiming to achieve a high level of customer satisfaction rate at the lowest possible total cost.
Full PDF Download
[16] INTEGRATING BALANCED SCORECARD AND SIMULATION MODELLING TO IMPROVE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT PERFORMANCE IN IRISH HOSPITALS, 2010
Khaled Ismail, Waleed Abo-Hamad, and Amr Arisha
Winter Simulation Conference
Winter Simulation Conference
Abstract
In the healthcare sector, there is a requirement for innovative solutions in managing the high levels of complexity and uncertainty within emergency departments (EDs). Simulation modeling is currently seen as a competent means of analyzing EDs, which allows changes effects to be understood and predicted more easily. The Balanced Scorecard (BSC), well-known performance management concept, has become a steering method in approaching new improvement cycles. This paper presents a methodology that integrates BSC and simulation modeling to increase ED efficiency and improve its performance in a University Hospital in North Dublin. BSC design began with understanding patient’s needs, ED activities, as well as training and development programs. Then a detailed simulation model was developed and integrated with the BSC to provide a comprehensive decision support system. This integrated model is used for evaluation and assessment of various decisions in emergency services and improving its performance.
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In the healthcare sector, there is a requirement for innovative solutions in managing the high levels of complexity and uncertainty within emergency departments (EDs). Simulation modeling is currently seen as a competent means of analyzing EDs, which allows changes effects to be understood and predicted more easily. The Balanced Scorecard (BSC), well-known performance management concept, has become a steering method in approaching new improvement cycles. This paper presents a methodology that integrates BSC and simulation modeling to increase ED efficiency and improve its performance in a University Hospital in North Dublin. BSC design began with understanding patient’s needs, ED activities, as well as training and development programs. Then a detailed simulation model was developed and integrated with the BSC to provide a comprehensive decision support system. This integrated model is used for evaluation and assessment of various decisions in emergency services and improving its performance.
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[17] Practical simulation application: Evaluation of process control parameters in Twisted-Pair Cables manufacturing system, 2010
Amr Mahfouz, Said Ali Hassan, and Amr Arisha
Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, Volume18, Pages: 471–482
Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, Volume18, Pages: 471–482
Abstract
Intensive competition and rapid technology development of Twisted-Pair Cables (TPC)industry have left no room for competing manufacturers to harbour system inefficiencies. TPC are used in various communication and networks hardware applications; their manufacturing facilities face many challenges including various product configurations with different equipment settings, different product flows and Work in Process (WIP) space limitations. The quest for internal efficiency and external effectiveness forces companies to align their internal settings and resources with external requirements/orders, or in different words, significant factors must be set appropriately and identified prior to manufacturing processes. Integrated definition models (IDEF0, IDEF3) in conjunction with a simulation model and a design of experiments (DOE) have been developed to characterize the TPC production system, identify the significant process parameters and examine various production setting scenarios aiming to get the best product flow time.
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Intensive competition and rapid technology development of Twisted-Pair Cables (TPC)industry have left no room for competing manufacturers to harbour system inefficiencies. TPC are used in various communication and networks hardware applications; their manufacturing facilities face many challenges including various product configurations with different equipment settings, different product flows and Work in Process (WIP) space limitations. The quest for internal efficiency and external effectiveness forces companies to align their internal settings and resources with external requirements/orders, or in different words, significant factors must be set appropriately and identified prior to manufacturing processes. Integrated definition models (IDEF0, IDEF3) in conjunction with a simulation model and a design of experiments (DOE) have been developed to characterize the TPC production system, identify the significant process parameters and examine various production setting scenarios aiming to get the best product flow time.
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[18] Virtual ED’ – Utilisation of a Discrete Event Simulation-based Framework in identifying ‘real-time’ strategies to improve Patient Experience Times in an Emergency Department, 2011
Waleed Abo-Hamad, John McInerney, and Amr Arisha
Emergency Medicine Journal, Volume28, Pages: A3-A4
Emergency Medicine Journal, Volume28, Pages: A3-A4
Abstract
Emergency Department (ED) overcrowding and associated excessive Patient Experience Times (PETs)have proven deleterious impacts on patient mortality, morbidity and overall length of hospital stay. Health systems constantly seek cost effective organisational strategies to reduce ED crowding and improve patient outcomes, but complex change implementation is constrained by the necessity of maintaining concurrent safe patient care. Computer modelling in a “virtual reality” has been successfully utilised in industries outside medicine, in providing innovative “real time” solutions to outdated practices. Therefore a bespoke “Virtual ED” computer model, based on a Discrete Event Simulation (DES) -Based Framework was constructed to determine the best simulation scenarios needed for effective “real-time” strategies to improve PETs in a Dublin teaching hospital ED. The three simulation scenarios tested were: (1) Increasing medical staffing. (2) Increasing assessment space. (3) Enforcing the national 6-h boarding limit.
Emergency Department (ED) overcrowding and associated excessive Patient Experience Times (PETs)have proven deleterious impacts on patient mortality, morbidity and overall length of hospital stay. Health systems constantly seek cost effective organisational strategies to reduce ED crowding and improve patient outcomes, but complex change implementation is constrained by the necessity of maintaining concurrent safe patient care. Computer modelling in a “virtual reality” has been successfully utilised in industries outside medicine, in providing innovative “real time” solutions to outdated practices. Therefore a bespoke “Virtual ED” computer model, based on a Discrete Event Simulation (DES) -Based Framework was constructed to determine the best simulation scenarios needed for effective “real-time” strategies to improve PETs in a Dublin teaching hospital ED. The three simulation scenarios tested were: (1) Increasing medical staffing. (2) Increasing assessment space. (3) Enforcing the national 6-h boarding limit.
[19] Simulation Optimisation Methods in Supply Chain Applications: A Review, 2011
Waleed Abo-Hamad, Amr Arisha
Irish Journal of Management., Volume30, Issue 2, Pages: 95-124
Irish Journal of Management., Volume30, Issue 2, Pages: 95-124
Abstract
The competitiveness and dynamic nature of today’s marketplace is due to rapid advances in information technology, short product life cycles and the continuing trend in global outsourcing. Managing the resulting supply chain networks effectively is challenged by high levels of uncertainty in supply and demand, confl ict objectives, vagueness of information, numerous decision variables and constraints. With such levels of complexity,supply chain optimisation has the potential to make a signifi cant contribution in resolving these challenges. In this paper, a literature review – based on more than 100 peer-reviewed articles – of state-of-the-art simulation-based optimisation techniques in the context of supply chain management is presented. A classifi cation of supply chain problems that apply simulation–optimisation techniques is proposed. The main criteria for selecting supply chain optimisers are also identifi ed, which are then used to develop a map of optimisation techniques. Such a map provides guidance for researchers and practitioners for a proper selection of optimisation techniques.
The competitiveness and dynamic nature of today’s marketplace is due to rapid advances in information technology, short product life cycles and the continuing trend in global outsourcing. Managing the resulting supply chain networks effectively is challenged by high levels of uncertainty in supply and demand, confl ict objectives, vagueness of information, numerous decision variables and constraints. With such levels of complexity,supply chain optimisation has the potential to make a signifi cant contribution in resolving these challenges. In this paper, a literature review – based on more than 100 peer-reviewed articles – of state-of-the-art simulation-based optimisation techniques in the context of supply chain management is presented. A classifi cation of supply chain problems that apply simulation–optimisation techniques is proposed. The main criteria for selecting supply chain optimisers are also identifi ed, which are then used to develop a map of optimisation techniques. Such a map provides guidance for researchers and practitioners for a proper selection of optimisation techniques.
[20] An Optimization-based Framework for Complex Business Process: Healthcare Application, 2011
Waleed Abo-Hamad, Amr Arisha
Proceedings of the 2011 Winter Simulation Conference, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
Proceedings of the 2011 Winter Simulation Conference, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
Abstract
An optimization-based framework is developed to provide a decision support tool for healthcare managers who are facing major pressures due to rising demand, which is inflicted by growth of population, ageing and high expectations of service quality. Modelling and simulation are integrated with balanced scorecard to help in continual improvement of processes. Multi-criteria decision analysis was used to select key performance measures that align with decision makers preferences and stakeholders’ expectations. Integrating optimization within the framework helped managers to allocate resources in a more efficient way given the constraint of limited available resources. Due to the high level of uncertainty in care service demand, using the proposed integrated framework allows decision makers to find optimum staff schedules that in return improve emergency department performance. Communicating the importance of optimum scheduling has encouraged managers to implement the framework in the emergency department within the hospital partner. Results seem to be promising.
An optimization-based framework is developed to provide a decision support tool for healthcare managers who are facing major pressures due to rising demand, which is inflicted by growth of population, ageing and high expectations of service quality. Modelling and simulation are integrated with balanced scorecard to help in continual improvement of processes. Multi-criteria decision analysis was used to select key performance measures that align with decision makers preferences and stakeholders’ expectations. Integrating optimization within the framework helped managers to allocate resources in a more efficient way given the constraint of limited available resources. Due to the high level of uncertainty in care service demand, using the proposed integrated framework allows decision makers to find optimum staff schedules that in return improve emergency department performance. Communicating the importance of optimum scheduling has encouraged managers to implement the framework in the emergency department within the hospital partner. Results seem to be promising.
[21] DISTRIBUTED SUPPLY CHAIN SIMULATION PORTAL: DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION , 2011
Ayman Tobail, John Crowe and Amr Arisha
3rd Paris International Conference on Education, Economy and Society
3rd Paris International Conference on Education, Economy and Society
Abstract
The emerging paradigm of eLearning is becoming increasingly in evidence across many academic disciplines acknowledging the concept that learning processes no longer support traditional teaching methods alone. It can be argued that today’s third level education students are part of a new virtual era where the blackboard has been replaced with an interactive whiteboard. To assist in the transition from traditional learning to eLearning, more interactive and virtually orientated teaching aids are needed. A simulation-based learning framework that integrates web-based simulation and a web content management hierarchy model is the key objective of this paper. Using the highly complex subject of supply chain management as a case study, the new framework allows users to examine various management strategies of real-life scenarios, encourages group work and has remote access capabilities for distance learning. Interactive learning is facilitated using the web-based simulation portal, enabling instructors to demonstrate the complexity of decisions in multiple criteria environment and also show the users the impact of strategies on performance. Supply chain simulation creates an animated experience and better understanding of the system dynamics including risks. The portal interface is friendly and hence there is a potential to be applied in other subject areas.
The emerging paradigm of eLearning is becoming increasingly in evidence across many academic disciplines acknowledging the concept that learning processes no longer support traditional teaching methods alone. It can be argued that today’s third level education students are part of a new virtual era where the blackboard has been replaced with an interactive whiteboard. To assist in the transition from traditional learning to eLearning, more interactive and virtually orientated teaching aids are needed. A simulation-based learning framework that integrates web-based simulation and a web content management hierarchy model is the key objective of this paper. Using the highly complex subject of supply chain management as a case study, the new framework allows users to examine various management strategies of real-life scenarios, encourages group work and has remote access capabilities for distance learning. Interactive learning is facilitated using the web-based simulation portal, enabling instructors to demonstrate the complexity of decisions in multiple criteria environment and also show the users the impact of strategies on performance. Supply chain simulation creates an animated experience and better understanding of the system dynamics including risks. The portal interface is friendly and hence there is a potential to be applied in other subject areas.
[22] Learning by gaming: Supply chain application, 2011
Ayman Tobail, John Crowe and Amr Arisha
Proceedings of the 2011 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC), Pages: 3935-3946
Proceedings of the 2011 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC), Pages: 3935-3946
Abstract
Today’s third level students are of a virtual generation, where online interactive multi-player games, virtual reality and simulations are a part of everyday life, making gaming and simulation a very important catalyst in the learning process. Teaching methods have to be more innovative to help students understand the complexity of decisions within dynamic supply chain environment. Interactive simulation games have the potential to be an efficient and enjoyable means of learning.
A serious interactive business game, Automobile Supply Chain Management Game (AUSUM), has been introduced in this paper. Using theories learnt in class as a knowledge base, participants have to develop effective supply chain partnership strategy to enhance their supply chain networks. Deploying the game over the web encourages student interaction and group work. Most importantly the game will enable students to fundamentally grasp the impact of strategic decisions on other parts and players of the supply chain network.
Today’s third level students are of a virtual generation, where online interactive multi-player games, virtual reality and simulations are a part of everyday life, making gaming and simulation a very important catalyst in the learning process. Teaching methods have to be more innovative to help students understand the complexity of decisions within dynamic supply chain environment. Interactive simulation games have the potential to be an efficient and enjoyable means of learning.
A serious interactive business game, Automobile Supply Chain Management Game (AUSUM), has been introduced in this paper. Using theories learnt in class as a knowledge base, participants have to develop effective supply chain partnership strategy to enhance their supply chain networks. Deploying the game over the web encourages student interaction and group work. Most importantly the game will enable students to fundamentally grasp the impact of strategic decisions on other parts and players of the supply chain network.
[23] Integrating Current State and Future State Value Stream Mapping with Discrete Event Simulation: A Lean Distribution Case Study, 2011
Amr Mahfouz, John Crowe and Amr Arisha
SIMUL 2011, The Third International Conference on Advances in System Simulation, Pages: 161-168
SIMUL 2011, The Third International Conference on Advances in System Simulation, Pages: 161-168
Abstract
In response to global recession and increased competition, organizations have tried to become more efficient by decreasing costs and streamlining operations. To achieve this, the philosophy of lean management has gained in popularity. The main obstacle organizations face when implementing lean is deciding which activities to implement lean principals on. A well known lean practice, value stream mapping, is a very effective tool in mapping the current and future state of an organizations lean activities. Limitations in calculating variability information that describe system variations and uncertainty means more powerful analytical tools are needed. Simulation offers a more thorough analysis of a system’s data, including the examination of variability and has the ability to change certain parameters and measure key lean performance indicators. Using a tire distribution company as a case study, this paper has developed a framework that uses discrete event simulation as an integrative layer between current and future value stream mapping. The framework maps current state value and non-value activities in the company and through simulation has highlighted the activities that should be used when developing the future state map. This paper has highlighted simulation as a crucial middle layer in value stream mapping that will generate more accurate future state maps than the more common practices of using random estimates and experience alone.
In response to global recession and increased competition, organizations have tried to become more efficient by decreasing costs and streamlining operations. To achieve this, the philosophy of lean management has gained in popularity. The main obstacle organizations face when implementing lean is deciding which activities to implement lean principals on. A well known lean practice, value stream mapping, is a very effective tool in mapping the current and future state of an organizations lean activities. Limitations in calculating variability information that describe system variations and uncertainty means more powerful analytical tools are needed. Simulation offers a more thorough analysis of a system’s data, including the examination of variability and has the ability to change certain parameters and measure key lean performance indicators. Using a tire distribution company as a case study, this paper has developed a framework that uses discrete event simulation as an integrative layer between current and future value stream mapping. The framework maps current state value and non-value activities in the company and through simulation has highlighted the activities that should be used when developing the future state map. This paper has highlighted simulation as a crucial middle layer in value stream mapping that will generate more accurate future state maps than the more common practices of using random estimates and experience alone.
[24] ‘Virtual ED’ – Utilisation of a Discrete Event Simulation-based Framework in Identifying ‘real-time’ Strategies to Improve Patient Experience Times in an Emergency Department, 2011
Waleed Abo-Hamad, John McInerney, Amr Arisha
The Sixth Mediterranean Emergency Medicine Congress (MEMC VI), 10 – 14 September 2011, Kos, Greece.
The Sixth Mediterranean Emergency Medicine Congress (MEMC VI), 10 – 14 September 2011, Kos, Greece.
Abstract
Emergency Department (ED) overcrowding and associated excessive Patient Experience Times (PETs) have proven deleterious impacts on patient mortality, morbidity and overall length of hospital stay. Health systems constantly seek cost-effective organizational strategies to reduce ED crowding and improve patient outcomes, but complex change implementation is constrained by the necessity of maintaining concurrent safe patient-care. Computer modeling in a ‘virtual reality’ has been successfully utilized in industries outside medicine, in providing innovative ‘real-time’ solutions to outdated practices. Therefore a bespoke ‘Virtual ED’ computer model, based on a Discrete Event Simulation (DES) -Based Framework was constructed to determine the best simulation scenarios needed for effective ‘real-time’ strategies to improve PETs in a Dublin teaching hospital ED.
Emergency Department (ED) overcrowding and associated excessive Patient Experience Times (PETs) have proven deleterious impacts on patient mortality, morbidity and overall length of hospital stay. Health systems constantly seek cost-effective organizational strategies to reduce ED crowding and improve patient outcomes, but complex change implementation is constrained by the necessity of maintaining concurrent safe patient-care. Computer modeling in a ‘virtual reality’ has been successfully utilized in industries outside medicine, in providing innovative ‘real-time’ solutions to outdated practices. Therefore a bespoke ‘Virtual ED’ computer model, based on a Discrete Event Simulation (DES) -Based Framework was constructed to determine the best simulation scenarios needed for effective ‘real-time’ strategies to improve PETs in a Dublin teaching hospital ED.
[25] SIMULATION BASED OPTIMISATION MODEL FOR THE LEAN ASSESSMENT IN SME: A CASE STUDY, 2011
Amr Mahfouz, John Shea, and Amr Arisha
Winter Simulation Conference 2011
Winter Simulation Conference 2011
Abstract
Due to their space limitation and small production scale, small and medium enterprises (SME) are vulner-able to rapid changes. Lean principles are considered as effective improvement approach to eliminate sys-tem‟s waste and inefficiencies. Although much of the academic materials have addressed the lean practic-es into large, global companies, they can still be adjusted to SMEs. Risks are usually associated with lean implementation process due to the drastic required changes in business policies and operations. Simula-tion can be successfully used to predict the impact of the proposed changes ahead of the implementation which helps to mitigate risks. Integrating simulation with optimization techniques provides optimum set-tings of the lean factors prior to the go live stage. In this study, simulation based optimization model was developed to optimize a set of parameters of lean SME against three performance measures – cycle time, WIP (work in process) and workforce utilization. Results showed constructive insights.
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Due to their space limitation and small production scale, small and medium enterprises (SME) are vulner-able to rapid changes. Lean principles are considered as effective improvement approach to eliminate sys-tem‟s waste and inefficiencies. Although much of the academic materials have addressed the lean practic-es into large, global companies, they can still be adjusted to SMEs. Risks are usually associated with lean implementation process due to the drastic required changes in business policies and operations. Simula-tion can be successfully used to predict the impact of the proposed changes ahead of the implementation which helps to mitigate risks. Integrating simulation with optimization techniques provides optimum set-tings of the lean factors prior to the go live stage. In this study, simulation based optimization model was developed to optimize a set of parameters of lean SME against three performance measures – cycle time, WIP (work in process) and workforce utilization. Results showed constructive insights.
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[26] Integrating Current State and Future State Value Stream Mapping with Discrete Event Simulation: A Lean Distribution Case Study, 2011
Amr Mahfouz, John Crowe and Amr Arisha
SIMUL 2011 : The Third International Conference on Advances in System Simulation
SIMUL 2011 : The Third International Conference on Advances in System Simulation
Abstract
In response to global recession and increased competition, organizations have tried to become more efficient by decreasing costs and streamlining operations. To achieve this, the philosophy of lean management has gained in popularity. The main obstacle organizations face when implementing lean is deciding which activities to implement lean principals on. A well known lean practice, value stream mapping, is a very effective tool in mapping the current and future state of an organizations lean activities. Limitations in calculating variability information that describe system variations and uncertainty means more powerful analytical tools are needed. Simulation offers a more thorough analysis of a system’s data, including the examination of variability and has the ability to change certain parameters and measure key lean performance indicators. Using a tire distribution company as a case study, this paper has developed a framework that uses discrete event simulation as an integrative layer between current and future value stream mapping. The framework maps current state value and non-value activities in the company and through simulation has highlighted the activities that should be used when developing the future state map. This paper has highlighted simulation as a crucial middle layer in value stream mapping that will generate more accurate future state maps than the more common practices of using random estimates and experience alone.
Full PDF Download
In response to global recession and increased competition, organizations have tried to become more efficient by decreasing costs and streamlining operations. To achieve this, the philosophy of lean management has gained in popularity. The main obstacle organizations face when implementing lean is deciding which activities to implement lean principals on. A well known lean practice, value stream mapping, is a very effective tool in mapping the current and future state of an organizations lean activities. Limitations in calculating variability information that describe system variations and uncertainty means more powerful analytical tools are needed. Simulation offers a more thorough analysis of a system’s data, including the examination of variability and has the ability to change certain parameters and measure key lean performance indicators. Using a tire distribution company as a case study, this paper has developed a framework that uses discrete event simulation as an integrative layer between current and future value stream mapping. The framework maps current state value and non-value activities in the company and through simulation has highlighted the activities that should be used when developing the future state map. This paper has highlighted simulation as a crucial middle layer in value stream mapping that will generate more accurate future state maps than the more common practices of using random estimates and experience alone.
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[27] Simulation-based Framework to Improve Patient Experience in an Emergency Department, 2012
Waleed Abo-Hamad, Amr Arisha
European Journal of Operational Research, DOI:10.1016/j.ejor.2012.07.028
European Journal of Operational Research, DOI:10.1016/j.ejor.2012.07.028
Abstract
The global economic crisis has a significant impact on healthcare resource provision worldwide. The management of limited healthcare resources is further challenged by the high level of uncertainty in demand, which can lead to unbalanced utilisation of the available resources and a potential deterioration of patient satisfaction in terms of longer waiting times and perceived reduced quality of services. Therefore, healthcare managers require timely and accurate tools to optimise resource utility in a complex and ever-changing patient care process. An interactive simulation-based decision support framework is presented in this paper for healthcare process improvement. Complexity and different levels of variability within the process are incorporated into the process modelling phase, followed by developing a simulation model to examine the impact of potential alternatives. As a performance management tool, balanced scorecard (BSC) is incorporated within the framework to support continual and sustainable improvement by using strategic-linked performance measures and actions. These actions are evaluated by the simulation model developed, whilst the trade-off between objectives, though somewhat conflicting, is analysed by a preference model. The preference model is designed in an interactive and iterative process considering decision makers preferences regarding the selected key performance indicators (KPIs). A detailed implementation of the framework is demonstrated on an emergency department (ED) of an adult teaching hospital in north Dublin, Ireland. The results show that the unblocking of ED outflows by in-patient bed management is more effective than increasing only the ED physical capacity or the ED workforce.
The global economic crisis has a significant impact on healthcare resource provision worldwide. The management of limited healthcare resources is further challenged by the high level of uncertainty in demand, which can lead to unbalanced utilisation of the available resources and a potential deterioration of patient satisfaction in terms of longer waiting times and perceived reduced quality of services. Therefore, healthcare managers require timely and accurate tools to optimise resource utility in a complex and ever-changing patient care process. An interactive simulation-based decision support framework is presented in this paper for healthcare process improvement. Complexity and different levels of variability within the process are incorporated into the process modelling phase, followed by developing a simulation model to examine the impact of potential alternatives. As a performance management tool, balanced scorecard (BSC) is incorporated within the framework to support continual and sustainable improvement by using strategic-linked performance measures and actions. These actions are evaluated by the simulation model developed, whilst the trade-off between objectives, though somewhat conflicting, is analysed by a preference model. The preference model is designed in an interactive and iterative process considering decision makers preferences regarding the selected key performance indicators (KPIs). A detailed implementation of the framework is demonstrated on an emergency department (ED) of an adult teaching hospital in north Dublin, Ireland. The results show that the unblocking of ED outflows by in-patient bed management is more effective than increasing only the ED physical capacity or the ED workforce.
[28] Multi-criteria Framework for Emergency Department in Irish Hospital, 2012
Waleed Abo-Hamad, Amr Arisha
Proceedings of the 2012 Winter Simulation Conference, 9 - 12 December, Berlin, Germany.
Proceedings of the 2012 Winter Simulation Conference, 9 - 12 December, Berlin, Germany.
Abstract
Health research is one of these priorities in every economy and through this research an emphasis will be put on translational research in the context of more sustainable and efficient healthcare system (translation of operations management practices to clinical applications). Healthcare systems in general and Emergency Departments in particular around the world are facing enormous challenges in meeting the increasingly conflicting objectives of providing wide accessibility and efficiency while delivering high quality and prompt services. The proposed framework integrates simulation modeling, balanced scorecard, and multi-criteria decision analysis aiming to provide a decision support system to emergency department managers. Simulation outputs are aggregated using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to provide marginal performance regarding the achievement of the defined strategic as well as tactical and operational objectives. Communicating the significance of investigated strategies has encouraged managers to implement the framework recommendations in the emergency department within the hospital partner.
Health research is one of these priorities in every economy and through this research an emphasis will be put on translational research in the context of more sustainable and efficient healthcare system (translation of operations management practices to clinical applications). Healthcare systems in general and Emergency Departments in particular around the world are facing enormous challenges in meeting the increasingly conflicting objectives of providing wide accessibility and efficiency while delivering high quality and prompt services. The proposed framework integrates simulation modeling, balanced scorecard, and multi-criteria decision analysis aiming to provide a decision support system to emergency department managers. Simulation outputs are aggregated using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to provide marginal performance regarding the achievement of the defined strategic as well as tactical and operational objectives. Communicating the significance of investigated strategies has encouraged managers to implement the framework recommendations in the emergency department within the hospital partner.
[29] Towards Leaner Healthcare Facility: Application of Simulation Modelling and Value Stream Mapping, 2012
Waleed Abo Hamad, John Crowe, Amr Arisha
Proceedings of the International Workshop on Innovative Simulation for Healthcare (I-WISH), 19 - 21 September,
Vienna, Austria.
Proceedings of the International Workshop on Innovative Simulation for Healthcare (I-WISH), 19 - 21 September,
Vienna, Austria.
Abstract
Recently, the application of lean thinking in healthcare has grown significantly in response to rising demand caused by population growth, ageing and high expectations of service quality. However, insufficient justifications and lack of quantifiable evidence are the main obstacles to convince healthcare executives to adopt lean. Therefore, this paper presents a methodology that integrates lean tools with simulation to enhance the quality of patient care in healthcare facilities. This enables healthcare organisations to dedicate more time and effort to patient care without extra cost to the organisation or to the patient. Value stream mapping is used to identify value-added and non-value-added activities. Then, a comprehensive simulation model is developed to account for the variability and complexity of healthcare processes and to assess the gains of proposed improvement strategies. An extensive analysis of results is provided and presented to managers to illustrate the potential benefits of adapting lean practices.
Recently, the application of lean thinking in healthcare has grown significantly in response to rising demand caused by population growth, ageing and high expectations of service quality. However, insufficient justifications and lack of quantifiable evidence are the main obstacles to convince healthcare executives to adopt lean. Therefore, this paper presents a methodology that integrates lean tools with simulation to enhance the quality of patient care in healthcare facilities. This enables healthcare organisations to dedicate more time and effort to patient care without extra cost to the organisation or to the patient. Value stream mapping is used to identify value-added and non-value-added activities. Then, a comprehensive simulation model is developed to account for the variability and complexity of healthcare processes and to assess the gains of proposed improvement strategies. An extensive analysis of results is provided and presented to managers to illustrate the potential benefits of adapting lean practices.
[30] INTERACTIVE WEB-BASED SIMULATION FOR SUPPLY CHAIN EDUCATION, 2012
Ayman Tobail, John Crowe, and Amr Arisha
Book Chapter: The International Handbook of cultures of teacher education - Comparative International Issues in Curriculum and Pedagogy, VolumeChap, Pages: 125 - 150
Book Chapter: The International Handbook of cultures of teacher education - Comparative International Issues in Curriculum and Pedagogy, VolumeChap, Pages: 125 - 150
Abstract
Knowledge economies are based on the concept of knowledge transfer between education institutes and stakeholders. In response, the significant move away from traditional teaching methods to the emerging paradigm of eLearning has become increasingly in evidence across many academic disciplines. To assist in the transition from traditional learning to eLearning, more interactive and virtually orientated teaching aids are needed. This chapter introduces a simulation-based learning framework that integrates web-based simulation and a web content management hierarchy model. Using the complex subject of supply chain management as a case study, the new framework allows users to examine various real-life strategic management scenarios, encourages group work and has remote access capabilities for distance learning. Interactive learning is facilitated using the web-based simulation portal, enabling instructors to demonstrate the complexity of decisions in multiple criteria environment and also show the users the impact of strategies on performance. Supply chain simulation creates an animated experience and better understanding of system dynamics including risk. The framework assists in the knowledge and skills transfer between third-level education institutes and their stakeholders, primarily industry partners and the wider community.
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Knowledge economies are based on the concept of knowledge transfer between education institutes and stakeholders. In response, the significant move away from traditional teaching methods to the emerging paradigm of eLearning has become increasingly in evidence across many academic disciplines. To assist in the transition from traditional learning to eLearning, more interactive and virtually orientated teaching aids are needed. This chapter introduces a simulation-based learning framework that integrates web-based simulation and a web content management hierarchy model. Using the complex subject of supply chain management as a case study, the new framework allows users to examine various real-life strategic management scenarios, encourages group work and has remote access capabilities for distance learning. Interactive learning is facilitated using the web-based simulation portal, enabling instructors to demonstrate the complexity of decisions in multiple criteria environment and also show the users the impact of strategies on performance. Supply chain simulation creates an animated experience and better understanding of system dynamics including risk. The framework assists in the knowledge and skills transfer between third-level education institutes and their stakeholders, primarily industry partners and the wider community.
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[31] APPLICATION OF SIMULATION BASED FRAMEWORK INTEGRATED WITH LEAN THINKING TO IMPROVE PATIENTS WAITING TIMES, 2012
Esmat Swallmeh, Waleed Abo-Hamad, James Gray, Amr Arisha
International Conference on Emergency Medicine (ICEM)
International Conference on Emergency Medicine (ICEM)
Abstract
Objectives: In Ireland, there has been an increase in demand for Emergency Department (ED) services with more than 1.2 million patients attending the Health Service Executive (HSE) ED annually. More than 40 percent of the patients attending ED are s waiting more than 12 hours as per HSE records. ED overcrowding and excessive patient wait times is a national and international issue that has shown to result in prolonged pain and suffering, higher mortality rates for patients and overburdened working staff (Kennedy et al, 2004). The effectiveness of an ED depends to a great extent on the quality of care and the timeliness by which healthcare professionals are able to administer care to patients. Solutions to overcrowding in ED includes; increased bed capacity, optimised discharge planning, access to diagnostics, alternatives to admission and ED attendance, long term care beds and improved community care. Lean practice is widely used within the manufacturing industry to provide timely delivery of product and ultimately to offer value for the consumer using the least resources. This idea is now being extrapolated to fit the healthcare service industry model. Lean practice assesses the effectiveness of possible solutions and focuses on each component of a system individually without determining the interaction between components. Simulation modelling is a flexible tool that can be used for evaluating various solutions and interactions within and between system components. The aim of this study is to improve patient waiting times as part of the Patient Experience Time (PET) and achieve effective satisfactory performance in a Dublin Area Teaching Hospital (DATH) ED by using a simulation based framework integrated with lean implementation. Methods: For this mixed research approach study, data was collected via field observation to document the current operation of the ED. Interviews with health care staff were conducted. The patients journey in ED was mapped and Value Stream Maps (VSMs) were developed. VSMs presents the entire set of processes so as to identify the value added (VA) and non-value added activities (NVA). Findings: The average value added time for non admitted patients was 47 minutes compared to 154 minutes non-value added time. Results of the VSM show events and conflicts that contribute to non-value added time. VSMs showed potential improvements in the processes within the major areas of ED department. Conclusion: VSM is a key tool in identifying the NVA activities which have a great impact on improving the patients waiting times. Further work will be conducted including the development of a patient experience survey to identify the areas of ED that need to be improved and to establish future VSM. The simulation model will explore the impact of potential improvements based on lean practices using the systems key performance.
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Objectives: In Ireland, there has been an increase in demand for Emergency Department (ED) services with more than 1.2 million patients attending the Health Service Executive (HSE) ED annually. More than 40 percent of the patients attending ED are s waiting more than 12 hours as per HSE records. ED overcrowding and excessive patient wait times is a national and international issue that has shown to result in prolonged pain and suffering, higher mortality rates for patients and overburdened working staff (Kennedy et al, 2004). The effectiveness of an ED depends to a great extent on the quality of care and the timeliness by which healthcare professionals are able to administer care to patients. Solutions to overcrowding in ED includes; increased bed capacity, optimised discharge planning, access to diagnostics, alternatives to admission and ED attendance, long term care beds and improved community care. Lean practice is widely used within the manufacturing industry to provide timely delivery of product and ultimately to offer value for the consumer using the least resources. This idea is now being extrapolated to fit the healthcare service industry model. Lean practice assesses the effectiveness of possible solutions and focuses on each component of a system individually without determining the interaction between components. Simulation modelling is a flexible tool that can be used for evaluating various solutions and interactions within and between system components. The aim of this study is to improve patient waiting times as part of the Patient Experience Time (PET) and achieve effective satisfactory performance in a Dublin Area Teaching Hospital (DATH) ED by using a simulation based framework integrated with lean implementation. Methods: For this mixed research approach study, data was collected via field observation to document the current operation of the ED. Interviews with health care staff were conducted. The patients journey in ED was mapped and Value Stream Maps (VSMs) were developed. VSMs presents the entire set of processes so as to identify the value added (VA) and non-value added activities (NVA). Findings: The average value added time for non admitted patients was 47 minutes compared to 154 minutes non-value added time. Results of the VSM show events and conflicts that contribute to non-value added time. VSMs showed potential improvements in the processes within the major areas of ED department. Conclusion: VSM is a key tool in identifying the NVA activities which have a great impact on improving the patients waiting times. Further work will be conducted including the development of a patient experience survey to identify the areas of ED that need to be improved and to establish future VSM. The simulation model will explore the impact of potential improvements based on lean practices using the systems key performance.
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